Justice Navigator
Family Court vs. Criminal Court
Learn the differences between courts for young people and courts for adults in New York.
Who is it for?
Criminal Court is generally for adults, who are 18 years old or older, accused of breaking the law.
What are the words used?
- The person accused is called the Defendant.
- Breaking the law is called a Crime.
- The goal is to find if the person is Guilty or Not Guilty.
What is the goal?
The main goal is to decide if a crime was committed and, if so, to assign a punishment, which could be fines, probation, or jail time. A conviction results in a permanent adult criminal record.
Who is it for?
Family Court handles cases involving young people, usually under 18. These cases are called "juvenile delinquency" cases.
What are the words used?
- The young person is called the Respondent.
- The act of breaking the law is called a Delinquent Act, not a crime.
- The judge makes a "Finding" if the act was committed, instead of a "guilty" verdict.
What is the goal?
The main goal is rehabilitation and support, not punishment. The court tries to find the best way to help the young person get back on track. This can include supervision, treatment, or placement in a facility for young people. The records are often sealed to protect the young person's future.